It was already said that, if the term " Journalism " is relatively modern, its history is very old and he/she made a mistakes, unavoidably, with the one of the press, from when Johannes Guttenberg improved the technique of reproduction of texts by means of the use of the mobile types.

collective nation of the communication vehicles that exercise the Journalism and other functions of informative communication—in contrast with the communication purely propagandística or of entertainment.
The term presses drift of the mobile press, graphic process created by Johannes Guttenberg in the century XV and that, starting from the century XVIII, it was used to print newspapers, then the only existent journalistic vehicles. Of middles of the century XX in before, the newspapers became also radiobroadcasted and teledifundidos (radiojornal and telejornal) and, with the coming of World Wide Web, they also came the newspapers online, or ciberjornais, or webjornais. The term " presses ", however, it was maintained.
To compare and to differentiate with Media.
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Since millennia before, publications had been created and distributed regularly by the governments. The first reproductions of the writing were, without a doubt, obtained under a wax support or of clay with the cylindrical stamps and you coin, found in the oldest cities of Suméria and of Mesopotâmia of the century XXVIII the. C.
The first regular newspaper that news is had it went to Acta Of the day, that emperor Augusto ordered to place at the Roman Forum in the century I of ours it was. The publication, recorded in stone boards, it had been founded in 59 a.C. for order of Júlio César, bringing the listagem of orderly events for the Dictator (Roman concept of the term). In Old Rome and in the Roman Empire, Acta Of the day was afixada in the public spaces, and he/she brought several facts, military news, obituários, sporting chronicles, among other subjects.
The first newspaper in paper, Several News, it was published as a hand written pamphlet starting from 713 d.C., in Kaiyuan, in Peking, in China. Kaiyuan was the name dice a year in that the newspaper was published. In 1041, also in China, the mobile type was invented. The Chinese alphabet, however, for being ideográfico and not phonetic, it uses a much larger number of characterses than the European Latin alphabet. In the year of 1908, Chinese commemorated the millennial of the newspaper Ta King Pão (Gazette of Peking), in spite of the information not to have absolute confirmation.
In 1440, Gutenberg develops the technology of the mobile press, using the mobile types: characterses avulsos engravings in wood blocks or lead, that were rearrumados in a board to form words and sentences of the text.
In the Low Medium Age, the leaves writings with commercial and economic news were very common in the noisy streets of the bourgeois cities. In Venice, the leaves were sold by the price of a gazette, local coin, from where the name of many newspapers published in the Modern Age appeared and in the Contemporary Age.
This art spread with an impressive speed for the it is worth of Rio Reno and for the whole Europe. Between 1452 and 1470, the press conquered nine Germanic cities and several Italian places, as well as Paris and Seville. Ten years then, registava-if the existence of impression shops in 108 cities; in 1500, its number was of 226.
During the century XVI the most productive centers were the university cities and the commercial cities. Venice continued to be the capital of the press, proceeded closely by Paris, Leon, Frankfurt and Antuérpia. Typographic Europe began to move of Italy to the countries of the North of Europe, where it worked as element difusor of the humanism and of the Reform originating from of the Italian cities.
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The Pré-industrial Bourgeois Press
The first periodic printed publication to regulate (weekly), Nieuwe Tijdinghen, appears in 1605, in Antuérpia. The first newspapers in German are founded in 1609: Relation aller fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien (Relationship of all the notable news and rejubilantes), in Estrasburgo, and it Informs him Relation oder Zeitung. In 1615, Frankfurter Journal, first journalistic newspaper, also appears weekly and in German.
In 1621, it appeared in London the English-speaking first private newspaper, Coloring The. The following year, a pact between 12 English, Dutch impression shops and Germans determined systematic exchange of news among them. In the same year, Nathaniel Butler also founded in London the first hebdomadário: Weekly News, that, starting from 1638, it would be the first newspaper to publish news international. It was followed in France by La Gazette, of Théophraste Renaudot whose first number was published on May 30, 1631, and in Holland for Courante uyt Italien ende Duytschlandt, in 1632.
The first newspaper in Portuguese was founded in 1641, in Portugal: it was THE Gazette, of Lisbon.
The oldest newspaper of the world still in circulation Swedish Post-och Inrikes Tidningar, that had beginning in 1645 was. Until then, these publications had weekly, biweekly, monthly or irregular periodicity. It was alone starting from 1650 that the first newspaper printed newspaper of the world, Einkommende Zeitungen appeared (Received News) founded in the German city of Leipzig.
The first magazine, in style almanac, was Journal you give Savants (Newspaper of the Wise persons), founded in France in 1665.
In the New World, the first newspaper appeared in the British colonies of North America (future United States), published in Boston: Publick Occurrences, Both Forreign and Domestick, that however he/she only had an edition. From 1702 to 1735 the first daily newspaper circulated in English, Daily Courant, of Samuel Buckley, also in the British colonies. In 1729, he/she was born him Pennsylvania Gazette, of Benjamin Franklin, first newspaper staying with advertising income. In the same year Gaceta of Guatemala and Las Primicias of la Culture of Quito, first Latin-American newspapers were founded. The first daily newspaper of America went to Gaceta of Lima, circulating daily starting from 1743.
In 1728, St. i created Peterburgo Vedomosti, the oldest newspaper of Russia, still in circulation.
The Capitalist Press and the Industrialization
In the centuries XVIII and XIX, the political leaders took conscience of the great power that the newspapers could have to influence the population and the newspapers of factions and political parties proliferated. The Times, of London, the circular begins in 1785, with the name of The Universal Daily Register. It would be rebaptized later for The Times three years.
In the century XIX, the managers discovered the commercial potential of the journalism as lucrative business and the first publications appeared similar to the current newspapers. In United States, Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst they created great newspapers destined for sale in mass. In 1833, the New York Sun, first newspaper was founded “popular”, sold to a dollar cent. Already The Guardian, one of the sold newspapers of United Kingdom to today, it appears in 1821.
Brazil delays to know the press, because of the censorship and of the prohibition of typographies in the colony, imposed by the Portuguese Crown. Only in 1808 it is that they appear, almost simultaneously, the first two Brazilian newspapers: the Correio Braziliense, published and printed paper in London for the exile Hipólito of Costa; and the Gazette of Rio de Janeiro, official publication published by the Royal Press installed in Rio de Janeiro with the transfer of the Portuguese Court.
Accompanying the western industrialization, Japan wins its first newspaper in 1871, with Yokohama Mainichi Shimbun (Daily News of Yokohama). Now, Japan is the country with larger index of circulation per-capita in the world.
They appeared, still in the century XIX, companies dedicated to the collection of information about the present time that you/they were sold to the newspapers. These companies were known as agencies of news or press agencies. The first of them was founded in 22 of outobro of 1835 by French Charles-Louis Havas: Agence gives Feuilles you Politicize, Correspondance Générale, that would come becoming current Agence France-Presse.
In 1848, newspapers of New York join to form the agency Associated Press, during the war of the USA against Mexico. The main reason of the association, at that time, was contention of costs among the newspapers.
In 1851, German Julius Reuter founds the agency Reuters. In the same year, The New York Times, the main newspaper of New York is founded and to today one of the most important in the USA and in the world.
United Press International is created in 1892. The German agency Transocean is founded in 1915 to cover to I World War in Europe, with Tríplice Alliance's vision. In 1949, three German agencies join to form Deutsche Presse-Agentur (DPA).
New Technologies of Communication
The beginning of the War Civil American of the USA, in 1861, is a mark for the press, for the technical innovations and new work conditions. Reporters and photographers receive credentialses to cover the conflict. Of there, they develop the lead to assure that the main part of the news will arrive to the composition for the telegraph. The newspapers invent the headlines, titles in big letters in the first page, to highlight the novelties of the war.
The first newspaper to send corresponding for two sides of a war it was The Guardian, of Manchester, in the Franco-Prussian War, in 1871.
In 1844, the invention of the telegraph for Samuel Morse revolutionizes the transmission of information, and it allows the shipping of news at long distances. But the telegraph would only win an exponential increase of its capacity starting from the installation of the submarine cables, in the second half of the century XIX, that unite the continents. The first transatlantic ruling for telegraph, for example, was a correspondent for AP in 1858. The communication for telegraph links Brazil to Europe starting from 1874; they begin to arrive to the country rulings of international agencies.
They also appear novelties in the impression techniques. The first rotative it begins to work in 1847, in the USA. The following year, Times from London creates rotative that prints 10 thousand copies per hour. The linótipo was invented in 1889, by Otto Merganthaler, revolutionizing the techniques of page composition with the use of lead types melted to generate whole lines of text.
The picture began to be used in the daily press in 1880. Germany went the first country to produce magazines illustrated graphically with pictures.
In 1919, the New appears York Daily News, first newspaper in format tabloid.
The first transatlantic transmission of radio was made in 1903, by Marconi. The first radio stations of radio, sugidas in the decade of 1920, participated great of the protagonismo of the newspapers in the accompaniment step-to-step of the facts of the present time. At the same time, they appeared the cinejormais, filmetes of present time cinematográficas. The first of them, Fox Movietone News, appeared in 1927, with the use of the sound in the movies.
The first television transmissions were made in United States in the years 1930, and already in the years 1950 the television competed with the radio for the possibility of transmitting information instantly, with the additional seductive of the image. The videotape was invented in 1951, but it only began to be used in wide scale starting from the years 1970.
Journalism in the Media of Global Reach
The end of the century XX attended a revolution in the communication technologies and information, taking to the formation of a media as institution (private) of global reach, so much for the journalism as for the entertainment (culture and amusements).
In 1962, the newspaper North American Los Angeles Times uses ribbons perforated to activate the composition in linotipos. On that same year, he/she went on the air Telsat I, first specific satellite of telecommunications for them media. Seven years then, he/she took place the transmission of the arrival of the mission Apolo II, of the USA, to the Moon.
From the second half of the century XX, several companies editorais publishes weekly newspapers that resemble each other you cover it, being about content generalista or thematic. Many magazines, then, stop existing. The magazine Life left of being published in 1972. In Brazil, THE Cruzeiro and Reality disappear.
In 1973, they appeared the first terminals computerized for journalistic edition. The fotocomposição began to substitute the linotipia. In the newspaper Minneapolis Star, it began to be tested a system that facilitated the electronic diagramação and the shipping of the direct pages for the impression, eliminating the process of manual composition.
In 1980, the transmissions of the net begin CNN, that in not very more than 10 years he/she would become the reference in journalism international televisivo. She wins world fame with the covering of the War of the Golf in 1991.
The international channels of TV for signature, cable TV and the commercial Internet only arrived at Brazil in 1992. On September 11, 2001, that facilitates the live of the largest attack terrorist of the History transmission.